A
physical body with a constant mass and a constant heat capacity has
the change of entropy ΔS₁₂
when the temperature of the body changes from the initial temperature
T₁
to the final temperature T₂.
If this body changes the temperature from the same initial
temperature T₁
to the new final temperature T₃,
find the change in entropy for this body in terms of ΔS₁₂,
T₁,
T₂,
and T₃.
NYC College of Technology
Borough of Manhattan Community College
General Physics Ⅰ: Algebra-Based PHYS 1433 Physics Ⅰ: PHY 210
General Physics Ⅱ: Algebra-Based PHYS 1434
Showing posts with label Entropy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Entropy. Show all posts
Sunday, November 27, 2016
Friday, May 13, 2016
What is the change in entropy of the bullet during this process?
A bullet of mass m slams into a concrete wall and melts on impact. If the temperature of the speeding bullet was T₁ and if the specific heat of bullet's material is c and its latent heat of fusion is L, what is the change in entropy of the bullet during this process? The melting point of lead is T₂.
Heating:
dS₁ = dQ₁/T
dQ₁ = cmdT
dS₁ = cmdT/T = cmd(lnT)
ΔS₁ = ∫cmd(lnT) = cm∫d(lnT) = cm(lnT₂-lnT₁) = cm ln(T₂/T₁)
ΔS₁ = cm ln(T₂/T₁)
Melting:
dS₂ = dQ₂/T₂
ΔS₂ = ΔQ₂/T₂ = Lm/T₂
ΔS = ΔS₁+ΔS₂ = cm ln(T₂/T₁)+Lm/T₂
A 16-gram lead bullet slams into a concrete wall and melts on impact. If the temperature of the speeding bullet was 25°C and if the specific heat of lead is 0.13 kJ/(kgK) and its latent heat of fusion is 23 kJ/kg, what is the change in entropy of the bullet during this process? The melting point of lead is 601K.
m=16g
T₁=25°C=25°+273.15=298.15K
T₂=601K
c=0.13 kJ/(kgK)
L=23 kJ/kg
ΔS=cm ln(T₂/T₁)+Lm/T₂
Calculation by Google calculator:
0.13kJ/(kg*K) * 16g * ln(601 / 298.15) in J/K =
1.4580763 J / K
23kJ/kg * 16g / 601K in J/K =
0.612312812 J / K
1.4580763 J / K + 0.612312812 J / K = 2.07038911 J / K
ΔS≈2.1J/K
Heating:
dS₁ = dQ₁/T
dQ₁ = cmdT
dS₁ = cmdT/T = cmd(lnT)
ΔS₁ = ∫cmd(lnT) = cm∫d(lnT) = cm(lnT₂-lnT₁) = cm ln(T₂/T₁)
ΔS₁ = cm ln(T₂/T₁)
Melting:
dS₂ = dQ₂/T₂
ΔS₂ = ΔQ₂/T₂ = Lm/T₂
ΔS = ΔS₁+ΔS₂ = cm ln(T₂/T₁)+Lm/T₂
A 16-gram lead bullet slams into a concrete wall and melts on impact. If the temperature of the speeding bullet was 25°C and if the specific heat of lead is 0.13 kJ/(kgK) and its latent heat of fusion is 23 kJ/kg, what is the change in entropy of the bullet during this process? The melting point of lead is 601K.
m=16g
T₁=25°C=25°+273.15=298.15K
T₂=601K
c=0.13 kJ/(kgK)
L=23 kJ/kg
ΔS=cm ln(T₂/T₁)+Lm/T₂
Calculation by Google calculator:
0.13kJ/(kg*K) * 16g * ln(601 / 298.15) in J/K =
1.4580763 J / K
23kJ/kg * 16g / 601K in J/K =
0.612312812 J / K
1.4580763 J / K + 0.612312812 J / K = 2.07038911 J / K
ΔS≈2.1J/K
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